We know that voice of the process data is compared to the voice of the customer to determine process capability. Which one of the following, by itself, could be used to assess the capability of a process?

Using a histogram with specification limits is a robust method to assess the capability of a process. The histogram provides a visual representation of the distribution of process data, illustrating how the data points spread across different values. When specification limits are included, it becomes possible to see how well the process performance aligns with customer requirements or tolerances.

Specification limits define the range of acceptable values for the product or service. By overlaying these limits on the histogram, one can quickly identify the proportion of process outputs that meet or fall outside the defined specifications. This assessment allows for a clear understanding of whether the process is capable of consistently producing outputs that meet customer needs, thus highlighting areas for potential improvement.

In contrast, a control chart with both upper and lower control limits is primarily used for monitoring process stability rather than assessing capability directly. While it can indicate if a process is under control, it does not assess if the process is meeting customer specifications.

A histogram alone, without specification limits, provides insight into distribution but does not allow for a capability assessment relative to customer requirements.

A Pareto chart is useful for identifying the most significant factors in a data set based on frequency or impact but does not provide information on the capability of the process relative to specifications.

Therefore, the combination of